Hydraulic Jump in Horizontal Rectangular Channel |
Enter discharge, channel width, upstream depth. Compute downstream depth, Froude numbers, depth ratio, velocities, hydraulic jump length and energy loss. |
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Register to enable "Calculate" button. Hydraulic jump calculation units: cm=centimeter, ft=foot, gal=US gallon, hr=hour, m=meter, MGD=Million Gallons (US) per Day, min=minute, s=second. Photograph from Ohio University's Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Athens, Ohio USA
Hydraulic Jump Equations Equations for hydraulic jump in horizontal rectangular channel (Chaudhry, 1993; Chow, 1959): Q = V1 Y1 B = V2 Y2 B F1 = V1 / (g Y1)0.5 F2 = V2 / (g Y2)0.5 Y2/Y1 = 0.5 [(1+8F12 )0.5 - 1] L = 220 Y1 tanh[(F1-1)/22] h = (Y2-Y1)3 /( 4 Y1 Y2) where (subscript 1 indicates upstream of jump; subscript 2 indicates
downstream of jump):
A hydraulic jump occurs when the upstream flow is supercritical (F>1). To have a jump, there must be a flow impediment downstream. The downstream impediment could be a weir, a bridge abutment, a dam, or simply channel friction. Water depth increases during a hydraulic jump and energy is dissipated as turbulence. Often, engineers will purposely install impediments in channels in order to force jumps to occur. Mixing of coagulant chemicals in water treatment plants is often aided by hydraulic jumps. Concrete blocks may be installed in a channel downstream of a spillway in order to force a jump to occur thereby reducing the velocity and energy of the water. Flow will go from supercritical (F>1) to subcritical (F<1) over a jump. According to Chow (1959), a strong jump occurs when F1>9, a steady jump occurs when 4.5<F1<9, an oscillating jump occurs when 2.5<F1<4.5, a weak jump occurs when 1.7<F1<2.5, and an undular jump occurs when 1<F1<1.7. According to Chaudhry (1993), the best jumps occur when 4.5<F1<9.
References Chow, V. T. 1959. Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, Inc. © 1999-2024 LMNO Engineering, Research, and Software, Ltd. All rights reserved. Please contact us for consulting or questions about hydraulic jumps. LMNO Engineering, Research, and Software, Ltd. | To: LMNO Engineering home page (more calculations) Related open channel calculations:
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